#Y2025 #光学材料 Update date: 2025-10-12 From Wiki Compared to [silica glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silica_glass "Silica glass"), fluoride glasses undergo multiphonon scattering at longer wavelengths which is why they stay transparent into the infrared spectrum. This is where multiple [phonons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon "Phonon") are created with the absorption and conjunction of a single phonon. This is important specifically in glass because neighboring ions vibrating against each other in phase can cause multiphonon scattering to occur. Since fluoride glasses have heavier ions than their silica counterpart, there are lower vibration frequencies that correspond to a longer infrared absorption edge.  For broad-spectrum transparency, ==**lithium fluoride** is ideal for deep UV to mid-IR, while **calcium fluoride** is excellent for UV-to-IR and high-power lasers. For durability and UV/IR applications, **magnesium fluoride** is a strong choice, and for specialized applications requiring both UV and mid-IR transparency, consider **barium fluoride**==.  For deep UV to mid-IR transparency - **[Lithium Fluoride (LiF)](https://www.google.com/search?q=Lithium+Fluoride+%28LiF%29&rlz=1C5GCCM_en&oq=fluoride+material+optics&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBTIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRhAMgYIBhBFGEAyBggHEEUYQNIBCTE3MDg3ajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&mstk=AUtExfAszYNqrZdOxQow3Vb6dCNItoerpNdXMTIsToPDohML-a2X2WokmCNQKSsaN014kKx_e-nwoDDuAjrPPOycnw2e_VI7gXKJPf0ghiOX_5JEHyuKal3IKmVdkGcEz0qDIdSakzVNPAQROeKPRU64yz9mGtI9aykiBzOJfQnWSvpgM1ROyV-cBV_RU6HmJ3y1oRgm&csui=3&ved=2ahUKEwj1qMrs8Z6QAxW3DTQIHfuSKusQgK4QegQIAxAB):** - **Pros:** Widest transmission range (120 nm to 6,000 nm), low refractive index to reduce reflections, good thermal shock resistance, and high resistance to ionizing radiation. - **Cons:** Relatively soft and susceptible to scratching. - **[Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)](https://www.google.com/search?q=Calcium+Fluoride+%28CaF2%29&rlz=1C5GCCM_en&oq=fluoride+material+optics&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBTIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRhAMgYIBhBFGEAyBggHEEUYQNIBCTE3MDg3ajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&mstk=AUtExfAszYNqrZdOxQow3Vb6dCNItoerpNdXMTIsToPDohML-a2X2WokmCNQKSsaN014kKx_e-nwoDDuAjrPPOycnw2e_VI7gXKJPf0ghiOX_5JEHyuKal3IKmVdkGcEz0qDIdSakzVNPAQROeKPRU64yz9mGtI9aykiBzOJfQnWSvpgM1ROyV-cBV_RU6HmJ3y1oRgm&csui=3&ved=2ahUKEwj1qMrs8Z6QAxW3DTQIHfuSKusQgK4QegQIAxAF):** - **Pros:** Excellent transmission from UV through IR, low non-linear refractive index for high-power lasers, and high resistance to ionizing radiation. - **Cons:** Higher cost for high-purity monocrystals. - **[Barium Fluoride (BaF2)](https://www.google.com/search?q=Barium+Fluoride+%28BaF2%29&rlz=1C5GCCM_en&oq=fluoride+material+optics&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBTIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRhAMgYIBhBFGEAyBggHEEUYQNIBCTE3MDg3ajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&mstk=AUtExfAszYNqrZdOxQow3Vb6dCNItoerpNdXMTIsToPDohML-a2X2WokmCNQKSsaN014kKx_e-nwoDDuAjrPPOycnw2e_VI7gXKJPf0ghiOX_5JEHyuKal3IKmVdkGcEz0qDIdSakzVNPAQROeKPRU64yz9mGtI9aykiBzOJfQnWSvpgM1ROyV-cBV_RU6HmJ3y1oRgm&csui=3&ved=2ahUKEwj1qMrs8Z6QAxW3DTQIHfuSKusQgK4QegQIAxAJ):** - **Pros:** Excellent transmission in visible and IR (up to 12 µm), low dispersion for minimizing chromatic aberrations, and high resistance to ionizing radiation. - **Cons:** Can have a higher refractive index than some other options. - **[Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2)](https://www.google.com/search?q=Magnesium+Fluoride+%28MgF2%29&rlz=1C5GCCM_en&oq=fluoride+material+optics&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBTIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRhAMgYIBhBFGEAyBggHEEUYQNIBCTE3MDg3ajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&mstk=AUtExfAszYNqrZdOxQow3Vb6dCNItoerpNdXMTIsToPDohML-a2X2WokmCNQKSsaN014kKx_e-nwoDDuAjrPPOycnw2e_VI7gXKJPf0ghiOX_5JEHyuKal3IKmVdkGcEz0qDIdSakzVNPAQROeKPRU64yz9mGtI9aykiBzOJfQnWSvpgM1ROyV-cBV_RU6HmJ3y1oRgm&csui=3&ved=2ahUKEwj1qMrs8Z6QAxW3DTQIHfuSKusQgK4QegQIAxAN):** - **Pros:** Highly durable, chemically resistant, and good for both UV and IR applications with low refractive index and high transmission. - **Cons:** Not ideal for applications requiring the widest possible transmission range compared to LiF or CaF2.  For durability and mid-IR transparency - **[Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2)](https://www.google.com/search?q=Magnesium+Fluoride+%28MgF2%29&rlz=1C5GCCM_en&oq=fluoride+material+optics&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBTIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRhAMgYIBhBFGEAyBggHEEUYQNIBCTE3MDg3ajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&mstk=AUtExfAszYNqrZdOxQow3Vb6dCNItoerpNdXMTIsToPDohML-a2X2WokmCNQKSsaN014kKx_e-nwoDDuAjrPPOycnw2e_VI7gXKJPf0ghiOX_5JEHyuKal3IKmVdkGcEz0qDIdSakzVNPAQROeKPRU64yz9mGtI9aykiBzOJfQnWSvpgM1ROyV-cBV_RU6HmJ3y1oRgm&csui=3&ved=2ahUKEwj1qMrs8Z6QAxW3DTQIHfuSKusQgK4QegQIBhAB):** - **Pros:** High durability, chemical resistance, and thermal shock resistance, making it ideal for demanding environments and IR domes. - **Cons:** Lower transmission in the deep UV compared to CaF2 and LiF. - **[Fluoride Glasses](https://www.google.com/search?q=Fluoride+Glasses&rlz=1C5GCCM_en&oq=fluoride+material+optics&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBTIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRhAMgYIBhBFGEAyBggHEEUYQNIBCTE3MDg3ajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&mstk=AUtExfAszYNqrZdOxQow3Vb6dCNItoerpNdXMTIsToPDohML-a2X2WokmCNQKSsaN014kKx_e-nwoDDuAjrPPOycnw2e_VI7gXKJPf0ghiOX_5JEHyuKal3IKmVdkGcEz0qDIdSakzVNPAQROeKPRU64yz9mGtI9aykiBzOJfQnWSvpgM1ROyV-cBV_RU6HmJ3y1oRgm&csui=3&ved=2ahUKEwj1qMrs8Z6QAxW3DTQIHfuSKusQgK4QegQIBhAF):** - **Pros:** Can be manufactured into optical fibers for mid-IR laser applications and amplifiers, offering low phonon energies for high transparency. - **Cons:** Difficult to fabricate with high optical quality due to a tendency for crystallization, and are mechanically weak and not chemically resistant to moisture.  For high-performance laser optics - **[Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)](https://www.google.com/search?q=Calcium+Fluoride+%28CaF2%29&rlz=1C5GCCM_en&oq=fluoride+material+optics&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBTIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRhAMgYIBhBFGEAyBggHEEUYQNIBCTE3MDg3ajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&mstk=AUtExfAszYNqrZdOxQow3Vb6dCNItoerpNdXMTIsToPDohML-a2X2WokmCNQKSsaN014kKx_e-nwoDDuAjrPPOycnw2e_VI7gXKJPf0ghiOX_5JEHyuKal3IKmVdkGcEz0qDIdSakzVNPAQROeKPRU64yz9mGtI9aykiBzOJfQnWSvpgM1ROyV-cBV_RU6HmJ3y1oRgm&csui=3&ved=2ahUKEwj1qMrs8Z6QAxW3DTQIHfuSKusQgK4QegQICBAB):** - **Pros:** Its low non-linear refractive index makes it ideal for high-power laser applications where minimizing non-linear effects is critical. - **Cons:** High purity monocrystals are expensive.  For the most extreme UV applications - **[Lithium Fluoride (LiF)](https://www.google.com/search?q=Lithium+Fluoride+%28LiF%29&rlz=1C5GCCM_en&oq=fluoride+material+optics&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBTIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRhAMgYIBhBFGEAyBggHEEUYQNIBCTE3MDg3ajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&mstk=AUtExfAszYNqrZdOxQow3Vb6dCNItoerpNdXMTIsToPDohML-a2X2WokmCNQKSsaN014kKx_e-nwoDDuAjrPPOycnw2e_VI7gXKJPf0ghiOX_5JEHyuKal3IKmVdkGcEz0qDIdSakzVNPAQROeKPRU64yz9mGtI9aykiBzOJfQnWSvpgM1ROyV-cBV_RU6HmJ3y1oRgm&csui=3&ved=2ahUKEwj1qMrs8Z6QAxW3DTQIHfuSKusQgK4QegQIChAB):** - **Pros:** Transmits into the Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) region at wavelengths like the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line (121 nm), making it essential for specialized UV optics. - **Cons:** Soft and prone to scratching. --- 版权声明: 感谢您的阅读，本文由[超光](https://faster-than-light.net/)版权所有。如若转载，请注明出处。